tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31957754849627805632024-02-08T04:43:04.092-08:00karatekasikaratekasihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002259790915433343noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3195775484962780563.post-18197145614718621212010-02-28T06:09:00.000-08:002010-02-28T06:11:35.184-08:00<p><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">vallambar is also called as devar </span></span>(read fully)<br /></p><p>The <b>Thevar</b> people (<b>Thevar</b> literally means celestial beings divine natured-people)<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> collectively forms the <b>Mukkulathor</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: people of the three clans). Mukkulathors are a group of Tamil aristocratic warrior/martial people,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> native to the Southern districts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. The Mukkulathors descended from the three royal lineage namely Cholas, Pandyans and Cheras.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The name "Mukkulathor" alludes to the three roughly designated groups, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallar%28caste%29" title="Kallar(caste)" class="mw-redirect">Kallar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maravar" title="Maravar">Maravar</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamudaiyar" title="Agamudaiyar" class="mw-redirect">Agamudaiyar</a>, which make up this large endogamous social group.</p> <p>Mukkulathors are found all over the southern and central districts of Tamil Nadu, North-east Sri Lanka and amongst Tamil expatriate communities in South-East Asia and America. There is also a small community in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattisgarh" title="Chattisgarh" class="mw-redirect">Chattisgarh</a> where they had migrated during British rule. The Royal houses of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga" title="Sivaganga">Sivagangai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnad_estate" title="Ramnad estate">Ramnad</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudukkottai_state" title="Pudukkottai state">Pudukkottai</a> belongs to the <b>Mukkulathor</b> community.</p> <p><br /></p> <table id="toc" class="toc"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Agamudayar"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Agamudayar</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Maravar"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Maravar</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Kallar"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Kallar</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Surnames_and_Titles"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Surnames and Titles</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Recent_Scientific_study"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Recent Scientific study</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Freedom_Fighters"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Freedom Fighters</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Feudal.2FCaste_System"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Feudal/Caste System</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Inscriptions"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Inscriptions</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Current_Status"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current Status</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#List_of_prominent_Mukkulathors"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">List of prominent Mukkulathors</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Internal_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Internal links</span></a></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Agamudayar">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Agamudayar">Agamudayar</span></h2> <p><b>Agamudayar</b>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta" lang="ta">அகமுடையார்</span>) meaning <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlord" title="Landlord">Landlords</a> . Agamudayars are famously known by their title <b>Servai</b>They make expert soldiers, warriors and constituted the bulk of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandya" title="Pandya" class="mw-redirect">Pandya</a> armies. The legendary [[<b>Maruthu Pandiyar</b>]] brothers came from the Agamudayar (Servai) community. The lands the community owns are actually rewarded for their loyal and valuable service rendered for the cause of the Kings and the nation.</p> <p>Agamudaiyars are found all over in Southern Tamilnadu in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivagangai" title="Sivagangai" class="mw-redirect">Sivagangai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virudhunagar" title="Virudhunagar">Virudhunagar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathapuram" title="Ramanathapuram">Ramanathapuram</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli" title="Tirunelveli">Tirunelveli</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Thoothukudi</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvarur" title="Thiruvarur" class="mw-redirect">Thiruvarur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudukkottai" title="Pudukkottai">Pudukkottai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichy" title="Trichy" class="mw-redirect">Trichy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariyalur" title="Ariyalur">Ariyalur</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai" class="mw-redirect">Tiruvannamalai</a> districts & Also in Karnataka state Hiriyur Taluk, Aranakatte & Maskal matti people are living. "<sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p5-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>The word <b>Agamudaiyan</b> or <b>Ahamudaiyan</b> is derived from the root <b>Aham</b> which in Tamil means the guts or brave of one's mind.<sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p6-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Signifying that Agamudaiyars are Landlords and Householder ; the suffix Udeiyar indicating ownership. The word is also used in another form, <i>Ahampadiyar</i>, derived from another meaning of the same root, i.e., inside. And, in this derivation, it signifies a meaning of a particular profession, whose office it was to attend to the business in the Interior's of the King's Palace or in the Pagoda".<sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p6-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> The name," Mr. J. H. Nelson writes, "is said by the Rev. G. U. Pope, in his edition of the Abbe Dubois' work to be derived from aham, a temple, and padi, a step, and to have been given to them in consequence of their serving about the steps of temples. But, independently of the fact that Madura pagodas are not approached by flights of steps, this seems to be a very far-fetched and improbable derivation of the word. Or, perhaps, the name comes from aham in the sense of earth, and pati, master or possessor."<sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p6-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p7_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p7-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p8_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p8-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> The ordinary title of the Agamudaiyans is Servaikkaran, .<sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p8_9-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p8-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> In Pudukkottai, Trichy, Sivangagai, Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur, Thirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Kanyakumari districts Agamudaiyans are also called <b>Terkittiyar</b> ("Southerners").<sup id="cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p8_9-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-castesandtribes1_p8-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>The Agamudaiyans are divided into the following sub-sects: Aivali Nattan, Kottaipattu, Malainadu, Nattumangalam, Rajaboja, Rajakulam (Rajakulam and Parvatha Rajakulam), Rajavasal, Kalian, Sani, Maravan, and Servaikkaran.</p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Maravar">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Maravar">Maravar</span></h2> <p><b>Maravar</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta" lang="ta">மறவர்</span>) also "Maravan" (meaning "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grateful" title="Grateful" class="mw-redirect">Grateful</a> Warrior") is one of the oldest warrior caste of ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> to be mentioned in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam" title="Sangam" class="mw-redirect">Sangam</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> literature. The Maravar are popularly given the title "Thevar / Devar". The caste term Maravar is derived from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> term "Maram" meaning "Brave", "Warrior". The Maravar/Maravan are related to the Kallan/Kallars and Paravan/Paravars of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>. This indicates an association with the Tamil land which is at least 2,000 years old.Maravars descended from Pandyans.Maravar means Bravery.</p> <p>Maravars are courageous breed and were involved in almost all the major battles and wars that ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilnadu" title="Tamilnadu" class="mw-redirect">Tamilnadu</a> witnessed. Maravars are found predominantly in the Southern districts of Tamilnadu viz., <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theni" title="Theni">Theni</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga" title="Sivaganga">Sivagangai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathapuram" title="Ramanathapuram">Ramanathapuram</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dindigul" title="Dindigul">Dindigul</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virudhunagar" title="Virudhunagar">Virudhunagar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirunelveli" title="Thirunelveli" class="mw-redirect">Thirunelveli</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Thoothukudi</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a> districts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. They ruled the vast land mass of Tamilnadu along with the coastal rulers,Paravars. Both these tribes seems to have common origin,tamil nagas. The Southern martial arts of Kalarippayattu, Silambam, Varma Kalai have been practiced primarily by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairs" title="Nairs" class="mw-redirect">Nairs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallars" title="Kallars" class="mw-redirect">Kallars</a>, Thevars and Villavars(Nadans & Ezhavars) of erstwhile Travancore areas.</p> <p>The Maravar have close relation with Kalabhars even though they Maravars are a non-aryan, non-Kalabhar group.Another aristocratic caste called Paravars are akin to Maravars. They were ancient rulers of Pandya kingdom of coastal land and inland from the First <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam" title="Sangam" class="mw-redirect">Sangam</a> Tamil age. Their leaders were given the title "Meenavan" and "Pandyan" respectively. Edgar Thurston (1855-1935) a British museologist and ethnographer identified the use of the boomerang by Kallars and Maravars of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>.</p> <p>Large number of Maravars served in the armies of many princely states of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. But during the 18th and 19th centuries, most of them were assimilated in to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Padam_Nair" title="Tamil Padam Nair">Tamil Padam Nair</a> subcaste of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a> community. The Maravar regiment of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> army was known as "Maravar Padai", which supplemented <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nair_Brigade" title="Nair Brigade">Nair Pattalam</a>, the larger indigenous military unit.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Padam_Nair" title="Tamil Padam Nair">Tamil Padam Nair</a> is recognized as a part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayala_Kshatriya" title="Malayala Kshatriya">Malayala Kshatriya</a> social grouping. The Ramnad Zamindar's are accorded the title <b>Sethupathi</b> (protector of the Sethu bridge) even to this day.</p> <p>There are 2 major subdivisions among the Maravar community. One is <i>Appa Nattu Kondyankottai</i> Maravar and another one is <i>Chembiya Nattu Maravar</i>. The Kondyan Kottai Maravars are related to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellalar" title="Vellalar">Vellalars</a> and are still maintaining <i>Killai</i>(branches) as their sub sects. The <i>Killai</i> is inherited from mother. So a boy or girl will not marry in their same <i>Killai.</i> It is assumed that they are brother & sister. Such a practice is no longer prevailing amongst other maravars. The married womens of kondyankottai maravers wear "Thali" (Thirumangalyam) in the shape of Shiva lingam. So it is called "Linga Thali". Most of the Tamil castes wear the same type of "Linga Thali".</p> <p>The Chembiya Nattu Maravars are Surya vamsam<sup class="Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup>. They are historically from Thanjavur. Kondayan kottai maravars women were having habits of maruthalli. But Chembiya Nattu Maravars women were having habit of Udankattai yeruthal (Sati which is now banned and hence not in practise).</p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kallar">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Kallar">Kallar</span></h2> <p><b>Kallar</b> (Tamil: <b>கள்ளர்</b>) Meaning <b>Brave Peoples</b> Kallars are one of the three related castes which constitute the Mukkulathor confederacy. They are described as "A fearless community shows many signs of independence and non-submission to any form of subjugation".</p> <p>Historians postulate the word Kallar Derived from Kalla means Black in Sanscrit and Tamil (கள்வனென் கிளவி கரியோனென்ப' - திவாகரம்} Historians postulate Dravidians were called by Aryans as Kalla .<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Thirumal is also stated Mal to meant he is Black and also Krishna means Black.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> In olden days Black Dravidians were stated as Kalla to state their Bravery.</p> <p>Kallars are largely found in the Southern districts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudukkottai" title="Pudukkottai">Pudukkottai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichy" title="Trichy" class="mw-redirect">Trichy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariyalur" title="Ariyalur">Ariyalur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theni" title="Theni">Theni</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dindigul" title="Dindigul">Dindigul</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga" title="Sivaganga">Sivaganga</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virudhunagar" title="Virudhunagar">Virudhunagar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli" title="Tirunelveli">Tirunelveli</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvarur" title="Thiruvarur" class="mw-redirect">Thiruvarur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam" class="mw-redirect">Nagapattinam</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanathapuram" title="Ramanathapuram">Ramanathapuram</a> districts of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. They are also present in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karur" title="Karur">Karur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perambalur" title="Perambalur">Perambalur</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villupuram" title="Villupuram" class="mw-redirect">Villupuram</a> districts. One of their popular deities is <b>Kallazhagar</b> who is a warrior incarnation of "Lord Thirumala or Venkadavan".</p> <p>The "Pandi Temples" (<b>Muni Koil</b>) found in Madurai and Southern regions of Tamilnadu were originally the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombs" title="Tombs" class="mw-redirect">Tombs</a> of the Early Tamil Pandya Kings and Rulers. Pandiyar Kudavarai which is found in Aritapatti (near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melur" title="Melur">Melur</a>) has been built for the <b>Siddhars</b> by the Early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandya" title="Pandya" class="mw-redirect">Pandya</a> Kings.</p> <p>The Kallars are quintessentially a feudal society, with feudal classes such as the <b>Ambalakarar</b>. They are found mainly in the Madurai, Tirchuripalli, Ariyalur and Sivaganga districts. In these districts, each village is headed by an "Ambalam" (president of an assembly) and the Ambalam took upon themselves the power to adjudicate disputes that arose among the inhabitants in the <b>Nadu</b>. The term "Nadu" is an ancient political and administrative system found wherever Kallar populations migrated.</p> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thenpandi_Singam" title="Thenpandi Singam">Thenpandi Singam</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a> is a book about Ambalakarars and it was also made into a Television serial broadcasted over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_TV_%28India%29" title="Sun TV (India)">Sun TV</a> Network and music composed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> They used to hear complaints, hold inquiries and punish the offenders. They wielded considerable powers to intervene in any kind of transaction or transfer of property among the people. No land could be alienated from one man to another without the permission of the Ambalams. The sur-name "Ambalam"is given to them, because of their Administration in their Villages. So they are mostly called as "Ambalam".</p> <p>Another important Kallar subcaste is the <b>Piramalai Kallar</b>. They are a highly traditional people and have preserved their ancient customs to the present day. They are also believed to be the oldest inhabitants of the Tamil country with reports of their presence going back to Tamil literary works of the 4th century B.C. They are found mainly in the districts of Madurai(Usilampatti), Dindigul and Theni. Their popular deity is Amman, the Mother Goddess. They have contributed enormously in the freedom struggle for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Perungaamanallur people near Usilampatti, fought against the british and many have died and they have a Thiyagigal Thoon (Pillar of freedom fighters) built in memory of them. Piramalai Kallars have also made big contribution in Nethaji's INA force when Subash chandra bose made a call for the INA force from the submarine radio lots of people from the community went and joint to fight against the british for India. They are kept alive of our ancient culture.</p> <p>Some of the other feudal classes include Koothappar Kallars, Periyasuriyur Kallars, Gandarvakoatai Kallars and Esanattu Kallars found largely dominated in the Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Sivagangai & Trichy Districts.</p> <p><br /></p> <p>Significant Kallar population also found in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srilanka" title="Srilanka" class="mw-redirect">Srilanka</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samy_Vellu" title="Samy Vellu">Samy Vellu</a>, Ex-Works Minister (lost in 2008 election) and Leader of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Thondaman" title="S. Thondaman" class="mw-redirect">S. Thondaman</a>, Leader of Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are notable persons outside Tamilnadu.</p> <p><br /></p> <ul><li>Vandiyar</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paluvettaraiyar" title="Paluvettaraiyar">Paluvettaraiyar</a>(பழுவேட்டரையன்)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayaman" title="Malayaman">Malayaman</a>(மலையமான்)</li><li>Vallavaraiyar(வல்லவரையன்)</li><li>Muniaraiyar</li><li>Nilakkilar</li><li>Kaliyaraiyar</li><li>Puvaraiyar</li><li>Velar(வேளார்)</li><li>Vanataraiyar</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thondaiman" title="Thondaiman">Thondaiman</a>(தொண்டைமான்)</li></ul> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Surnames and Titles">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Surnames_and_Titles">Surnames and Titles</span></h2> <p>The surnames used by the kallar people are Ambalakarar, Servai,Gopalar, Kalapadiyar, Vandaiyar,Mallikondar, Veeramundar, Paluvettaraiyar, Paandurar, Malayaman, Vallavaraiyar, Etrandaar, Mannaiyar, Nattar (not Nadar), kumarandar,Annuthipiriyar,Rajaliyar etc. It is a general practice in Tamil Nadu to address a kallar woman as "Nachchiyaar". Papudaiyar, Kadampurar, Anjathevar, Olivarayar, Vanathirayar, Sendapiriyar, OOnayaar, Alathondamar, Ambalam, Aarsuthiyar, Kaadavaraayar, Kalingarayar, Vandaiyaar, Veeramundar, Sepillaiyar, Vallundar, Thanjaraayar, Kandiyar, Pursaar, Vaanavaraayar, Mazhavaraayar, Payer, Kommatti, Mootar, Patti, Kannakkarar, Irungular, Singilaar, Ponnapoondar, Pullavaraayar, Servai, Karaimeendar, Vanavarayar, Vairayar, Ponpethiar, Gopalar, Thevar, Kandapillai, Vayaadiyar, Naadalvar, Nattaar, Vallambar, Alankara Priyar, mavaliyar, Munaiyatriyar, Keerudayar, Saaluvar, Manraayar, Madhavarayar, Mudaliyar, Onthiriyar, Servai, Serumadar, Sethurayar, Vambaliar, Thenkondaar, Mankondaar, Moovaraiyar,Senainattar etc. There are over <b>2500 surnames</b> in use.</p> <p><br /></p> <p><b>Story of Mukkulathor</b> There was a well known story about mukkulathor.once three men who were best friends walking in the forest. a tiger came roaring them.the man of kallar hide behind the stone('kal' in tamil).one who took the tree branch for fighting with it known as maravar(tree-maram in tamil).one who stand bravely and fight with the help of his hand is called agamudaiyar. Some of the surnames are seen in Tamil copper-plate inscriptions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola" title="Chola" class="mw-redirect">Chola</a> was also mentioned in Ponniyin Selvan (Tamil historical novel written by Kalki Krishnamurthy).</p> <p><br /></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recent Scientific study">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_Scientific_study">Recent Scientific study</span></h2> <p>There are diverse theories with regard to the origin of Mukkulathors.</p> <p>Dr. Pitchappan have found the ancient DNA marker M130 in the blood of Piramalai Kallar that links them to the very first modern humans who migrated out of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and travelling through the southern coastline of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> that eventually reached <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Freedom Fighters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Freedom_Fighters">Freedom Fighters</span></h2> <p>British colonisation of India was strongly resisted in the South especially in Mukkulathor country.</p> <p>Puli Thevar from the eighteenth century is remembered as the first Indian king to have fought and defeated the British in India. His exploits have since become legendary.</p> <p>Resistance to British rule was also offered by <b>Padal Vellaiya Tevan</b> who fought the British along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kattabomman" title="Kattabomman" class="mw-redirect">Kattabomman</a>. His son <b>Desakaval Senbaga Tevan</b> is also remembered for his exploits.</p> <p><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani_Velu_Nachiar" title="Rani Velu Nachiar" class="mw-redirect">Rani Velu Nachiar</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivaganga" title="Sivaganga">Sivaganga</a>, is another noted personality who fought with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Company" title="British East India Company" class="mw-redirect">British</a> during early British Era.</p> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruthu_Pandiyar" title="Maruthu Pandiyar">Maruthu Pandiyar</a> brothers are notable for their role in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars" class="mw-redirect">Polygar Wars</a>. They were eventually captured by the British and hanged in 1801.Golden Words for Servai People <b>"Paayavum Theriyum Pathungavum Theriyum Bayapada Theriyathu"</b>, which loosely translated means, "We know how to pounce, how to stalk but we know not any fear".</p> <p><b>Valukku Veli Thevan</b>, a very strong Kallar Ambalakkarar rulled Paganeri Nadu in present Ramanatapuram District, who opposed the British rule.</p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span></h2> <p>They are traditionally <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiva_Siddhanta" title="Saiva Siddhanta" class="mw-redirect">Saiva Siddhanta</a> maargam. Presently Significant numbers of thevars are following Christianity, still upholding thevar caste values and pride. Today they constitute a significant part of the Tamil community in India, Sri Lanka, and in other parts of the world.</p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Feudal/Caste System">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Feudal.2FCaste_System">Feudal/Caste System</span></h2> <p>Caste status of the Thevar community is martial class. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891_Census_of_India" title="1891 Census of India">1891 Census of India</a> listed them as a part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_Races" title="Martial Races" class="mw-redirect">Martial Races</a> and they claim <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a> status.<sup id="cite_ref-People_Of_India:Maharashtra_by_Kumar_Suresh_Singh.2CAnthropological_Survey_of_India:http:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.in.2Fbooks.3Fid.3D4bfmnmsBfQ4C.26pg.3DPA1991_14-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-People_Of_India:Maharashtra_by_Kumar_Suresh_Singh.2CAnthropological_Survey_of_India:http:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.in.2Fbooks.3Fid.3D4bfmnmsBfQ4C.26pg.3DPA1991-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inscriptions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Inscriptions">Inscriptions</span></h2> <p>An inscription, from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>, records an accord between the Sthanathar, a Chetti merchant community, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nattar" title="Nattar">Nattar</a> to contribute fifty Kalanju of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> to the Elunattu Mutt at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current Status">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Current_Status">Current Status</span></h3> <p>Although a great many of the members are still agriculturalists, many have also progressed up the social ladder as doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, politicians and civil servants.Especially in entertainment field this community is still has the dominating position. This community people are spread allover in the media world like Cinema, television etc. They are well placed in Politics as well. A large number of people from the community are serving the nation as military men. A large number of people are serving the Tamil Nadu police department.</p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_Castes" title="Forward Castes" class="mw-redirect">Forward Castes</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_Race" title="Martial Race">Martial Race</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puli_Thevar" title="Puli Thevar">Puli Thevar</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruthu_Pandiyar" title="Maruthu Pandiyar">Maruthu Pandiyar</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U._Muthuramalingam_Thevar" title="U. Muthuramalingam Thevar">U. Muthuramalingam Thevar</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallar_%28caste%29" title="Kallar (caste)">Kallar (caste)</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-0"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-0">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=N1Q_TdiGzVIC&pg=PA11&dq=thevar+descended&cd=6#v=onepage&q=thevar%20descended&f=false" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=N1Q_TdiGzVIC&pg=PA11&dq=thevar+descended&cd=6#v=onepage&q=thevar%20descended&f=false</a></li><li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=65Aqrna4o5oC&pg=PA141&dq=Tamil%2Baristocratic%2Bthevar&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Tamil%2Baristocratic%2Bthevar&f=false" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=65Aqrna4o5oC&pg=PA141&dq=Tamil%2Baristocratic%2Bthevar&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Tamil%2Baristocratic%2Bthevar&f=false</a></li><li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=N1Q_TdiGzVIC&pg=PA11&dq=thevar+descended&cd=6#v=onepage&q=thevar%20descended&f=false" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=N1Q_TdiGzVIC&pg=PA11&dq=thevar+descended&cd=6#v=onepage&q=thevar%20descended&f=false</a></li><li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YUXjA3RayhoC&pg=PA141&dq=thevar%2Bpandya&lr=&cd=23#v=onepage&q=&f=false" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=YUXjA3RayhoC&pg=PA141&dq=thevar%2Bpandya&lr=&cd=23#v=onepage&q=&f=false</a></li><li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=w6zkx_Ck3FwC&pg=PA63&dq=thevar%2Bpandya&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=w6zkx_Ck3FwC&pg=PA63&dq=thevar%2Bpandya&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false</a></li><li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CGdDAAAAYAAJ&q=thevar%2Bpandya&dq=thevar%2Bpandya&lr=&cd=21" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=CGdDAAAAYAAJ&q=thevar%2Bpandya&dq=thevar%2Bpandya&lr=&cd=21</a></li><li id="cite_note-castesandtribes1_p5-6"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p5_6-0">^</a></b> " <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India">Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol I</a>, Pg 5</li><li id="cite_note-castesandtribes1_p6-7">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p6_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India">Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol I</a>, Pg 6</li><li id="cite_note-castesandtribes1_p7-8"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p7_8-0">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India">Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol I</a>, Pg 7</li><li id="cite_note-castesandtribes1_p8-9">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p8_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p8_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-castesandtribes1_p8_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India">Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol I</a>, Pg 8</li><li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.completemartialarts.com/information/styles/indian/silambam.htm" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.completemartialarts.com/information/styles/indian/silambam.htm</a></li><li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> கள்ளர் சரித்திரம் - நாவலர் பண்டித ந மு வேங்கடசாமி நாட்டார்</li><li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> |url=<a href="http://http//www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/profile.htm" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://http://www.krishnagiri.tn.nic.in/profile.htm</a></li><li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> Thenpandi Singam by M. Karunanidhi</li><li id="cite_note-People_Of_India:Maharashtra_by_Kumar_Suresh_Singh.2CAnthropological_Survey_of_India:http:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.in.2Fbooks.3Fid.3D4bfmnmsBfQ4C.26pg.3DPA1991-14"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-People_Of_India:Maharashtra_by_Kumar_Suresh_Singh.2CAnthropological_Survey_of_India:http:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.in.2Fbooks.3Fid.3D4bfmnmsBfQ4C.26pg.3DPA1991_14-0">^</a></b> People Of India:Maharashtra by Kumar Suresh Singh,Anthropological Survey of India:<a href="http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1991" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1991</a></li><li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukkulathor#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/28/stories/2004062803670600.htm" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.hindu.com/2004/06/28/stories/2004062803670600.htm</a></li></ol> </div> <ul><li><cite id="Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India"><span class="citation book"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Thurston" title="Edgar Thurston">Thurston, Edgar</a>; K. Rangachari (1909). <i>Castes and Tribes of Southern India Volume I - A and B</i>. Madras: Government Press.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Castes+and+Tribes+of++Southern+India+Volume+I+-+A+and+B&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft.au=Thurston%2C%26%2332%3BEdgar&rft.au=K.+Rangachari&rft.date=1909&rft.place=Madras&rft.pub=Government+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Mukkulathor"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></cite></li><li><a href="http://www.tamilnation.org/forum/sivaram/920715lg.htm" class="external text" rel="nofollow">On Tamil Militarism- The suppression of Tamil military castes</a></li><li><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=515297" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Genetic structure of four socio-culturally diversified caste populations of southwest India</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of prominent Mukkulathors">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_prominent_Mukkulathors">List of prominent Mukkulathors</span></h2> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mukkulathors" title="List of Mukkulathors" class="mw-redirect">List of Mukkulathors</a></div> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukkulathor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.thevar.in/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.thevar.in</a></li><li><a href="http://www.thevarcommunity.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.thevarcommunity.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.devaronline.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.devaronline.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://devarcaste.wetpaint.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://devarcaste.wetpaint.com</a></li><li><a href="http://kallar.weebly.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://kallar.weebly.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.kallarsangam.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.kallarsangam.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.vallamba-thevar.blogspot.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Vallambar Official Website</a></li><li><a href="http://thevarcommunitymumbai.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://thevarcommunitymumbai.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.thevaryouth.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.thevaryouth.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://pasumpontrust.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://pasumpontrust.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.muthuramalingathevar.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://WWW.MUTHURAMALINGATHEVAR.COM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.devarmatrimony.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Matrimony site for mukkulathor</a></li><li><a href="http://www.thevarsmatrimonial.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Exclusive Matrimonial Site for Kallars, Maravars and Agamudayars.</a></li><li><a href="http://www.devapattukallars.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Devapattu Kallars</a></li></ul>karatekasihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002259790915433343noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3195775484962780563.post-27589308273967797182010-02-17T06:06:00.000-08:002010-02-17T06:08:11.866-08:00"வல்லம்பர்"ரும் "தேவரினம்"தான்300 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன் மராத்திய படையெடுப்பின் காரணமாக புலம்பெயர்ந்த கள்ளரினமே வல்லம்பர்கள். அச்சமயம் காரைக்குடியை சுட்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளுக்கு பாளைய நாடு என்று பெயர்.பின்னர் மருது மன்னர்கள் ஆண்டபோது இப் பகுதிகளை வல்லம்பரிடமே கொடுத்தனர். இன்றைய தமிழகத்தில் காரைக்குடி, புதுக்கோட்டை, அறந்தாங்கி, ராயவரம், கல்லூர், புதுப்பட்டி,கோட்டையூர், போன்ற பகுதிகளில் பெருமளவில் வசித்துவருகின்றனர். $$$ தெக்குதிசை ஆண்ட முக்குலத்து மன்னரினம் ஆன வல்லம்பர்கள் In Tamilnadu Kallars are called by various Surnames, these names comes to them during various times by the place they have ruled, the place they won in battle or to state their bravery.<br /><br />There are over 1000 surnames in use. There are no other Castes in Tamilnadu have this many Surnames. Some of the commonly used Surnames are.<br /><br />Paluvettaraiyar, Malayaman, Adigaman, Thevar, Mannaiyar, Rajaliyar, Vallavaraiyar, Thanjaraayar, Pallavaraayar, Vandaiyar, Thondaiman, Etrandaar, Vaanavaraayar, Servai, Amballakkarar, Sethurayar, Soma Naicker, Muniyarayar(Munaiyatriyar), Thondamar, Mayrkondar, Kallathil Venrar, , Nattar (not Nadar), Cholagar, kumarandar, Anjathevar, Olivarayar, Sendapiriyar, Alathondamar, Ambalam, Aarsuthiyar, Kaadavaraayar, Kalingarayar, Vandaiyaar, Veeramundar, Sepillaiyar, Vallundar, Chozhangaraayar, Kandiyar, Mazhavaraayar, Kommatti Mootar, Kannakkarar, Irungular, Singilaar, Ponnapoondar, Pullavaraayar, Araimeendar, Vairayar, Ponpethiar, Gopalar, Kandapillai, Vayaadiyar, Vanniar, Vallambar, Alankara Priyar, mavaliyar, Keerudayar, Saaluvar, Manraayar, Onthiriyar, Serumadar, Vambaliar, Thenkondaar, Mankondaar, etc.karatekasihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002259790915433343noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3195775484962780563.post-49111378531426514602010-02-17T06:04:00.000-08:002010-08-27T05:50:53.696-07:00karatekasi"வீரமும் ...மானமும் ...எனது இரு கண்கள் மரணத்தை கண்டு அஞ்சுபவன் நான் இல்லை ‘‘தோல்வி அடைந்துவிடுவோமோ என்று அச்சப்படுபவன், வெற்றி பெற மாட்டான்’’ என்பது எனக்குத் தெரியும். இதுதான் என்னுடைய போர்த்தந்திரம். என் மீது இருக்கும் அச்சத்தை வைத்து, இந்த உலகம் முழுவைதயும்வெற்றி கொள்வேன்’’ ஒருத்தன் நம்பி வந்தால் உயிர் கொடுக்கும் வீரன் நான். வீரனும் வீரமும் புதைக்கப்படவில்லை! விதைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது! அந்த இனமே நான் வீரர்கள் வாழும் திராவிட நாட்டை வென்றவர் கிடையாது வேலும் வாளும் தாங்கிய என்னை எதிர்த்து வென்றவர் கிடையாது பாயவும் தெரியும்! பதுங்கவும் தெரியும் ! ஆனா பயப்பட தெரியாது !!! கல் தோன்றி மண் தோன்றா காலத்திற்கு முன்பே கையில்<br />வாளோடும் வேலோடும் தோன்றி சிவன்-ன் வீரத்தை வரம் பெற்றவன் தான் இந்த காசிவிஸ்வநாதன் ‘நாம் யாருக்கும் தாழ்ந்தவர் இல்லை; நமக்கு யாரும் தாழ்ந்தவர் இல்லை' ”நான் யாருக்கும் அடிமையில்லை. எனக்கு யாரும் அடிமையில்லை” Kadavulai kandavanum illai<br />vallambarai vendravanum illaikaratekasihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06002259790915433343noreply@blogger.com1